Does adding milk to coffee affect pharmacokinetics? ☕️

Espresso vs flat white, does it matter for performance?

Effects of hot tea, coffee and water ingestion on physiological responses and mood: the role of caffeine, water and beverage type

Background

Caffeine has notable effects of various aspects of performance including; strength, power, endurance and cognitive function 🧠

Many athletes and active individuals rely on coffee as their primary source of caffeine. T…